Women Athletes in Male Dominated Sports Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Ladies Athletes in Male Dominated Sports Sports are one of the incomparable American side interests, yet actually sports have energized a particular division among guys and females in the American culture. The perspectives gained through games are found out on the field and penetrated into this present reality to make strife between the genders. The issue of sexual orientation imbalance goes a long ways past the games world, yet male ruled associations structure and backing the genders. With this partition of genders we see the social and social strain on competitors taking an interest in inverse sexual orientation sports, since society dislikes ladies taking an interest in male ruled games. Sports has consistently had a manly perspective. It has been viewed as unladylike for ladies to take an interest in specific games, not to mention those that are basically male commanded. The American open's interest with female competitors: tennis players, proficient golf players, professional skaters, and gymnasts. These games exhibit the deftness and style normal to ladies and in spite of the fact that physicality is unmistakably a significant part of these games, the individual stars are known, socially in any event, more for their ladylike properties such as generosity, marvelousness and effortlessness (Banet-Weiser, p 411). From the article by Banet-Weiser, we can see society and the overall population acknowledgment of female competitors has consistently been founded on their ladylike magnificence and externalized status, as opposed to their athletic ability, which turns into a significant disadvantage to ladies' games and presumably a huge motivation behind why numerous ladie s drop out of sports or have their sexual character addressed when they attempt to demonstrate their physicality. This issue of sexual orientation in sport happens constantly. The manly suppositions... ... everybody whether male or female needs to consolidate physical action into their day by day schedule. Without it, we would not have the option to take an interest in games thus consider the possibility that a lady sweats when she is at the rec center or playing a game, it just demonstrates that she is taking a stab at what she is doing. In this way, as it were, sport furnishes correspondence with others and improves the physical, mental, and passionate prosperity of a lady. I think we simply need to look past the negative parts of game since they can occupy competitors or even reason them to quit doing what they love. Weight from society to fit in is consistently a hard thing to manage and those that defeat the comments from crowds or pundits become the better individual over the long haul by glancing back at what they achieved and what they have deserted for some different ages of ladies competitors to follow.

Can Democracy Stop Terrorism?

Would democracy be able to Stop Terrorism? There is a general and developing worry about Terrorism and the dread it is spreading everywhere throughout the world. Battling it is one of these days fundamental needs and the best methods of doing it are being examined by researchers, governments and individuals as a rule. The idea of psychological oppression has advanced consistently and no consensual definition has been reached. There are anyway sure highlights that plainly portrays these sudden and, commonly, destroying occasions. However additionally the manner in which psychological militants are working and the devices theyre utilizing has been changing, which makes considerably progressively hard to locate the better method to stop them. At the point when the immense and incredible law based nation USA turned into the objective of one of the significant assaults from all occasions, at that point numerous things were addressed and the feeling that nobody and no nation were sheltered heard handily spread among open point of view. Are Democracies increasingly helpless against Terrorism? Is this kind of system the best one to stop the viciousness? Is Terrorism, or the measures to destroy it, restricting the rights and freedoms that vote based system is intended to give? These are fascinating inquiries. In this Essay, I will initially clarify what I mean by fear mongering and popular government, before dissecting the presence of a connection between both. At that point I will introduce contentions for and against the possibility that democratizing the nations where psychological warfare originates from may be the answer for this dread spreading marvel. I will at that point show that most likely it isn't the situation and that completion fear mongering may include a lot further measures than a basic difference in political framework. At long last, and to get whether Terrorism is debilitating majority rules systems and its principle ensures, I will show ongoing models that may permit us to comprehend it better. All through the paper I will likewise discover in hypotheses and extraordinary creators, similar to Hobbes and Schmitter, the vital assistance to all the more likely comprehend these two complex yet testing and current ideas. Characterizing popular government and fear mongering Popular government can be characterized as the political framework where political authority has a place with individuals. The word originates from the Greek, where demos implies individuals and kratos implies authority. There are anyway various kinds of majority rule government and in this exposition at whatever point I allude to popular government, I mean liberal vote based system. This later idea adds to the general idea of agent majority rules system (in which individuals through races choose their delegates) the reality (among others, however this is likely the most discernable) that there is the insurance of freedoms and rights through a constitution. Among those rights and opportunities there are the ability to speak freely and religion, uniformity under the watchful eye of law and others. Disarray among majority rule government and liberal vote based system happens frequently in light of the fact that popular government is the word that reverberates in people groups brains an d springs from their lips as they battle for opportunity and a superior method of lifeâ [1]â . Anyway what they search for in reality is a political framework that joins majority rule government on one hand with opportunity, the standard of law, and great administration then again at the end of the day, liberal democracy.â [2]â In spite of the fact that fear based oppression is a troublesome idea to characterize there are some regular highlights among psychological militant assaults that can be focused on: they include an ideological part, use savagery or if nothing else a danger of brutality, are by and large led by a sorted out gathering (or possibly by a gathering comprised by a solid head and reliable supporters), and point, as a rule, regular folks instead of aggressive gatherings. The primary thought is to spread the dread in a summed up way and that is the reason their objectives are regular residents that normally dont even realize their motivations however sense dread and the startling quality of their demonstrations all the more significantly. As indicated by Willem Schinkelâ [3]â terrorism stirs base up, that implies, that regular people are utilized as an intend to accomplish their genuine crowd (typically states, as images of a specific belief system or states themselves in instances of auton omy battles, similar to ETA in Spain). Contingent upon the nationality of those (individuals and establishments) engaged with the assaults, we can separate two sorts of psychological oppression: transnational fear based oppression and household psychological warfare. In the previous the occurrence happens in one nation [and] includes culprits, casualties, foundations, governments, or residents of another nation, in the last it includes culprits, casualties, and a group of people of the nation where the episode occursâ [4]â . With the end goal of my exploration I will mostly concentrate on transnational psychological warfare. Since inside transnational fear based oppression there are various sorts, I will for the most part center my examination around the one played by radical Islamist developments, similar to Al-Qaeda, for instance. As it has just been stated, the idea of fear based oppression has developed through occasions. To be specific the manner in which dread and fear are being executed is getting progressively advanced. The most widely recognized assaults are described by bombings, grabbing and capturing however the dread of weapons of mass decimation being utilized turns the finding of arrangements considerably progressively earnest. However, what is startlingly testing in this new rush of psychological warfare is that dread is in most of cases one-sided (considering, similar to it was said previously, fear based oppressor bunches like Al Qaeda). We can say that for this situation dread wont most likely be sufficient to end war, as Hobbes would state. As indicated by this creator, the general public is formed by narrow minded creatures thus the typical state is a condition of war, however the war itself can be forestalled in light of the fact that what likewise describes individuals is that they dread t hings, they dread passing for instance. In any case, on account of psychological warfare (or on account of one of its most widely recognized types), its entertainers are not driven by dread, they are prepared to confront passing if fundamental and for what they accept to be a higher purpose.â [5]â Will Democracy have the option to stop Terrorism? Generally after 9/11 assaults in USA, that executed around 3,000 individuals in both New Yorks World Trade Center and Pentagon, most of President Bushs discourses in regards to the battle against psychological oppression included that just through the democratization of the nations generators of fear based oppression would that battle be effective. In February 2003, for instance, in the American Enterprise Institute, Bush expressed that The world has an away from in the spread of vote based qualities, since steady and free countries don't raise the philosophies of homicide. There is then an extraordinary conversation with respect to the ability of liberal majority rules systems to end the complaints that feed psychological oppressors activities. Expecting that most of fear based oppressor assaults culprits originate from the Middle East, where theres an obvious absence of equitable standards, can then a connection be made between these two wonders? Would the democratization of these nations bring about less psychological oppressor occasions? Natan Sharansky in his book The Case of Democracy: The Power of opportunity to defeat oppression and fear shields that it would. He thinks about that the absence of majority rules system in these nations favors the flourishment of irate and baffled personalities and urges savagery so as to accomplish ones objectives. He accepts that majority rule government would carry harmony to those countries and goes much further by saying that it is Wests obligation to enable the democratization to process. As indicated by Sharansky, and supporting Bushs aims, the west and popularity based world should put forth attempts towards the usage of a majority rule political framework where it was rarely experienced and this would be the best method of consummation this fear based oppression era.â [6]â Like Sharansky likewise Quan Liâ [7]â defends that popular government would decrease disappointments and strife by growing political open doors through races and as indicated by Rudolph Rummel living in a liberal majority rule nation would in essence lessen struggle between individuals, on the grounds that the association between individuals in a setting of opportunity is good for everybody. Things being what they are, would a higher political support add to the decrease of fear based oppressor occurrences? As per Michael Freemanâ [8]â the systems that drive transnational psychological oppressor bunches like Al-Qaeda are four: military, social, financial and political. The composed psychological oppressor assaults are then the aftereffect of a feeling of danger towards Islamic grounds (military), a feeling of danger towards Islamic culture and personality (social), a feeling of dissatisfaction towards modernization and globalization, which the western world speak to and that in the Middle East neglected to improve the economy (financial) and a feeling of powerlessness to make themselves understood and to arrive at their requests (political). Thinking about these four components, vote based system obviously is by all accounts ready to have positive outcomes yet doubtlessly wouldnt be sufficient to stop psychological warfare. I concur with Gregory Gauseâ [9]â when he contends that this political framework would give the chance of a political investment from these gatherings yet there is no assurance that they would have enough help for their political plan. What's more, all things considered, the inquiry is whether they would acknowledge people groups decision or would that circumstance make them much progressively baffled and induce them to come back to their past usual methodology and assault their majority rules system and different countries excessively so as to get the achievement of their objectives. Other than this vulnerability with respect to fear based oppressors response before ineffective races, there is additionally the ideological segment of their points. What's more, that is something that can't be disrega rded. It isn't only an issue of being heard and accomplishing political portrayal, I would even hazard saying that it is their minor need. There is an established contempt towards what the western culture speaks to. Strict issues and fundamentalism are certainly based on part of that scorn and that is something that ought to be smoothen specifically by instruction. Islamism is a long way from the radical thoughts that these associations represent and childre

Economics of Tobacco in Health Care Industry - Free Essay Example

Introduction Health economics is a study of the issues concerned with the provision of health services, access to medical care, efficiency, effectiveness, production and supply of health and healthcare services. Other factors include demand and consumption process as well as costs related to the industry. The study of healthcare economics is somehow different from other commodities in the market. Factors which make the industry unique include government control and intervention as well berries as an entry of the other providers. There are also third parties in the course of provision which include the physicians and medical professionals. Mastery of the costs, charges and other related expenditures ensures effective decision making and planning for the government and other stakeholders. In most cases, the demand for healthcare is termed as derived demand, meaning that is different from other typical goods. The main players include the contributors, the citizens the country, providers of the services and consumers of the products. In this case, a study of the tobacco economics is the crucial segment of the healthcare economics(Abrams, David B., et al, p 296). Mastery of the care costs associated with the medical platform such as caring for the patients, preventive measures, access to medicines, as well as demand and supply is crucial for both short-term and long-term planning. The study of tobacco gives extensive knowledge which allows various bodies to plan and arrive and critical decisions. Tobacco and tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths around the globe. The commodity kills more than 7 million people every year. Studies indicate that use of tobacco leads to various things such as high toll diseases, suffering from the affected parties, death cases and hence it has become the burden to the users and non-users. In the US alone, the economic burden has been rising over the years, with global level hitting at US$ 1.4 trillion regarding healthcare costs as well as losses in the production in each year. Studies across the globe indicate that tobacco use kills people through direct and indirect ways as well as draining the treasuries large sums of money to take care of the negative impact associated with the drug. Though some economist argues that there is the economic contribution from the whole process of tobacco production, the input and the output cannot be matched. Studies done by the Center for Disease Control indicates that costs are associat ed with lifetime personal healthcare charges of the people who smoke as well as the passive smokers(Abrams, David B., et al, p 299). In a year, costs associated with governmental expenditures on tobacco costs are currently standing at $1,227 US per person in a year with other information indicating that lifetime costs are $16,500 per male while in a female, the cost is higher by $3000. Scientific Data on Tobacco Use and Impact on Healthcare Industry Tobacco smoking is one of the cost factors when it comes to healthcare. The use, distribution, health impact, and the death rate has been rising due to lack of effective control. Studies have been done in various parts of the globe. Being one of the mostly smoked product in the globe, the indication is that close to 46 percent of men and about 13 percent of women aged 16 years in over 15 countries across the globe use the commodity. In middle-income and low-income countries, the trend has been raising. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco is the leading cause of deaths which can be prevented across the globe. Data from medical studies indicate that there are 6 million deaths which account for 11 percent of all deaths with over 650,000 deaths occurring in the non-smokers(World Health Organization). The total number of deaths as per 20th century is estimated to be over 110 million with the US leading in the death toll. Common diseases associated with the disease can be prevented at lower medical costs. However, the control measures have been ignored in most cases due to the contribution factor associated with revenues from tobacco commodities. Most of the common diseases include respiratory, liver and heart complications. Common cases are manifested as heart attacks, high level of stroke in men and women, chronic cases and cancer if many types. Mortality Rate and Costs One of the leading economic impacts of healthcare is mortality rate cases. Smoking of tobacco is associated with a cause of over 5 million deaths in a year. Studies indicate that female smokers are less tolerant of an average loss of 14.3 years of life, while men loss 13.1 years of life. One stick of cigarette is associated with loss of 10 minutes per individual while the cost of a packet retails at an average of $6.6 in common outlets. Smokers have been found to die earlier than non-smokers, with most of them, died before the age of 60 years or even 70. The costs of associated with mortality rates are high in the healthcare industry(World Health Organization). The medical professionals have to treat, educate and provide their time in the course of service provision. Studies indicate that in the United States, use of tobacco commodities accounts for 1 out of every six early cases of deaths on annuals basis. The translation is close to half million deaths per year. The costs associat ed with premature deaths are very high for the government as well as the taxpayers. Cancer Costs Associated With Tobacco Use Tobacco use is the leading cause of several types of cancer. One of the most costly treatment includes cancer patients across the globe. There are several types of severe cancer caused by tobacco use such as kidney cancer, larynx cancer, and bladder cancer. Others include esophagus, pancreas, stomach and cervical cancer in women. Data indicate that smoking of tobacco causes death rate of 22.4 percent for males and 11.6 percent for female smokers before the age of 80 years(Lightwood, James, Alexis, and Glantz, p 798). Lung cancer is one of the leading types of killer causes. The probability of death is currently standing at eight over 10. Medical costs associated with taking care of the cancer patients is prohibitive for the government as well as well as the medical bodies. Other common case is pulmonary diseases and complications due to smoke exposure. Studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease linked tobacco use leads to serious and permanent cases. Individuals with terminal complications have been found to be very expensive to access treatment and provide for the basic needs. Deaths associated with smoking have been rising of late, due to the high level of access to the commodity across the globe. Treatment Costs There is also healthcare cost associated with the use of tobacco. Studies indicate that the outbreak of influenza has been linked with smoking cases. Data showed that 69 percent of the smokers have high chances of getting complications associated with influenza than non-smokers. On the other hand, non-smokers have been found have fewer chances of contracting the disease, which stands at 30.35 percent. Studies done in South Carolina indicate that earlier cases were closely associated with smoking. People who smoked heavily that is more than 20 cigarettes in a day were found to have 23 more likely to illness than no smokers. Findings from earlier studies show that there is high relative influenza risk in the people who are older than those who are younger(Lightwood, James, Alexis, and Glantz, p 780). The medical costs associated with influenza disease and control during the earlier time was found to be close to 1 percent of the total gross product of a country. The costs were associate d with the creation of awareness, education, treatment, and eradication. Others were associated with specialized care and immunization. Pregnancy Costs in Healthcare Examination of the pregnancy costs associated with tobacco use has been rising over time. Consumption of the commodity among women has been linked with miscarriages and threat of health of the unborn. Exposure to smoking during pregnancy shows that it leads to the birth of the infant who is underweight. There are also prenatal exposure cases related to the environment. The overall impact is disorder in the children. There are also post-natal tobacco smoke exposure cases which causes the behavioral impact on children. Data shows that women who smoke actively have the higher chance of giving unhealthy births. Control measures have been found to be costly since people have to be educated on how to handle the children with disorders. The Budgetary Impact of Smoking Use of tobacco is very costly both to the individuals, the government and the households. The individuals costs are reacted to the family as well as those who are close to the individuals. When a person is diagnosed with diseases associated with the terminal or even other common illness, there are direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are associated with access to medical care, special treatment, special meals and other expenditures which individual undergo to access the medical services(Lightwood, James, Alexis, and Glantz, p 799). Then we have the burden of the societal costs. Those are charges which the community incur in the process of eradication of the negative impact of the disease. There are several approaches which have been developed in the course of estimating the economic impact of tobacco smoking in the society. The process entails weighing the benefits and shortcomings of campaign and eradication process. Cases of high costs indicate that social impact in use of rest rictive measures is relatively costly, while low costs indicate that approach is economical. Individual costs of smoking healthcare include medical bills which are paid directly in the course of controlling the condition. Treatment costs of the individual are part of direct costs. When individuals become sick, there is lost personal productivity. In such cases, the family suffers due to reduced access to income from the individual. Then, we have the hospital and care bills which have to be catered. The common people associated with the individual hence have to bear such charges. Studies done on the real costs of tobacco smoking economics indicate that the total revenues collected by the government cannot match the costs associated with control and treatment of the negative impacts. The studies indicate that budgetary allocation does not match the level of income associated with tobacco effects. There is direct government spending which includes medical care for the individuals(Lightwood, James, Alexis, and Glantz, p 790). Then there is the indirect medical care which include s medical working hours which are spent in the course of treatment. A cost of packet goes for an average of $6.6, while medical care costs and lost value of productivity is far much more than the amount of production. There are personal and business costs associated with healthcare provision of the individuals who smoke. Private costs and business costs include health insurance policy covers, travel costs, medical bills and reduced time allocation in the working station. There are also costs associated with lifetime care of the individuals. They are calculated using a comparison approach with non-smokers. In this case, the costs of reduced productivity, reduced family time and the overall care in the medical access gives a clear image that tobacco economics are crucial in a mastery of the flow of allocation of resources. Non-smokers live the longer life, and most of them are productive compared to smokers(Lightwood, James, Alexis, and Glantz, p 795). Still, the comparison shows that smokers spend more money in the course of purchase of tobacco commodities. The overall impact of reduced personal care and health of the individual. The medical costs in some studies have shown that have been increasin g over time. The supply of tobacco has been rising due to demand on the end users. More than $19.9 billion is spent in Netherlands alone to eradicate and control the use of the commodity. Studies done by the World Bank indicates that economic costs associated with the use of tobacco across the globe have been rising. The global net loss was at US$400 billion per year in the year 2014, with 50 percent of the losses being witnessed in the developing countries. The true value of loss may not be calculated due to reduced lifespan of the smokers. Use of prevention measures in the healthcare industry has been having been cited as the most effective control approaches from the point of cost-benefit analysis. In developing countries, the healthcare industry incurs US$20 to US$40 per year in single treatment for the individuals(Prokhorov, Alexander V., et al p 895). Treatment in medical centers indicates that prolonging lives of the affected individual by 10 percent costs US$ 18 000 per year. Supply of Tobacco and Its Economics Supply of the tobacco in the course of study of healthcare industry can be done through examination of the sources of the commodity. The trigger of supply is a demand for the product. The economists have been advocating that production of the commodity leads to revenues generation. Tobacco farming is the source of live hood for most of the people who engage in farming. The collection of taxes from the crop and employment creation have been cited as one of the leading factors which encourage its slow eradication. The government has cited reduction of taxes from reduced supply and decline of employed as very serious cases. Economic policy-makers have under looked at the long-term impact of the product as an expense of the short-term gains. The government reaps various types of income from the activity of taxing tobacco commodities. The federal tax of cigarette stands at $1.02 per unit packet of with over 18 billion packets sold in on annuals basis(Prokhorov, Alexander V., et al p 897). The government hence collects over $40 billion from the product. Countries with weak administrative taxation methods have been found to experience challenges when it comes to controlling of the tobacco use. Lack of suitable analytical methods of the commodity flow in the market limits the process of increasing taxes. Taxation should also be broad and not just on end commodities alone. There should be precise legal methods of handling the smokers and the sellers of the products. Control Measures of Tobacco and Impact of Healthcare Industry There are several methods which can use to control access and use of tobacco by the public. Several studies have been done on the approaches of control. One of the methods is through legislation approaches. Member of the Congress has passed bills on how to control the use of tobacco through the legal system. The objective has been pushed through the manufacturing process of the products, marketing, and sales process. Others include restrictions on places and pricing. For instance, the manufacturing should meet certain standards to ensure that the impact is reduced to the users. There should be clear labeling of the products and how they are consumed. Still, marketing and distribution have been controlled by the government. The objective is to balance demand and supply and ensure that there is reduced access. The packaging has been used as an indicator and warning to the users about the commodity use. Restrictions on sale to underage have also been put in place to ensure that people w ho are minors do not engage in the use of the products(Prokhorov, Alexander V., et al p 901). Still, restriction ensures that the products of tobacco do not enter in the private and public place which are designed to be tobacco-free zones. The public sector has also been in the front line in ensuring that there is control of the access of the tobacco. Measures such as campaigns and creation of awareness have been in use. Individuals who smoke have also been provided with counseling services and access to medical healthcare. Conclusion The tobacco economics can be analyzed from demands, supply, and the control measures in the healthcare industry. Millions of money are spent annually in the process of treatment and care of the smokers. Even though tobacco industry generates billions of dollars through taxation process and offers employment to the millions of people, the final impact outweighs the income. Control measures have been put across manufacturing, supply, and distribution of the commodities. There should be the strong approach to ensure that promotional activities of the products are done effectively. The healthcare industry should ensure that there are public education and creation of awareness. Still, the government should work with private bodies to eradicate access and consumption of the commodity. Young people should be given information regarding medical care and other side effects of tobacco. The total costs of healthcare attention cannot be compared income generated by the products. It hence evident that control of the tobacco should be put in place to ensure that lives are saved. The more than $100 billion spent on matters of healthcare can hence be reduced through effective control approaches. Work Cited Abrams, David B., et al. Integrating individual and public health perspectives for treatment of tobacco dependence under managed health care: a combined stepped-care and matching model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 18.4 (2016): 290-304. John, R. M., H. Y. Sung, and W. Max. Economic cost of tobacco use in India, 2004. Tobacco control 18.2 (2009): 138-143. Prokhorov, Alexander V., et al. Youth tobacco use: a global perspective for child health care clinicians. Pediatrics 118.3 (2016): e890-e903. Lightwood, James M., Alexis Dinno, and Stanton A. Glantz. Effect of the California tobacco control program on personal health care expenditures. PLoS Medicine 5.8 (2008): e178. World Health Organization, and Research for International Tobacco Control. W.H.O. report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2014: the MPOWER package. World Health Organization, 2014.

Jennifer Kennedy - ThoughtCo

Essay about What´s Cooperative Space-time Coding - 889 Words

Literature Survey: Cooperative diversity for a simple three-terminal relay channel was first introduced in [12]. Later, in [1], several improvements were made in capacity bounds and cooperative schemes, such as decode-and-forward, were introduced. Modifications to amplify-and-forward scheme were proposed in [13-16]. Based on these, more relaying schemes were introduced in [17-24]. The performance and other characteristics of the aforementioned schemes in several environments were studied in [17-27]. Extensions to a multi-terminal, multihop network were made in [13-17], where a clustered model and ad hoc network architecture were studied and useful results for transmit and receive diversity gains and relaying strategies were obtained.†¦show more content†¦Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) [2, 3, 30, 31] systems were introduced in order to enhance the performance of the wireless communications systems to provide robustness, high data rates, and reliability by overcoming th e channel fading with the use of multiple antennas. A MIMO system offers redundancy through the multiple independent channels, which are created between the transmitting and the receiving antennas of the system. Using multiple-input multiple output systems, significant improvements are made in the coverage ranges of the communication systems and the data throughput without the need for additional transmission power or bandwidth expansion. Cooperative diversity can also be used to increase the coverage area (e.g., cellular networks) as was investigated in [2] For decode and forward if no MRC is deployed then the optimum location is midway between the source and the destination, but if MRC is used then the optimum location is towards the source as derived in [2]. A distributed relay assignment algorithm was also given in [2]. It also addresses the problem of relay–source assignment. The optimum locations of relay for decode and forward and amplify and forward have also been proposed by the author. Simon, Marvin K et al., in [3] presented a unified approach to evaluating the error rate performance of digital communication system over fading channels. The classical relay channel was introduced by Van der Meulen [4] models a three terminalShow MoreRelatedSecurity Analysis Of A Protocol For Pollution Attack Detection1459 Words   |  6 PagesAttack Detection† is based on the concept of network coding. 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Event Management Toyota

Question: Discuss about theEvent Managementfor Toyota. Answer: Pre Event Toyota has currently decided to launch an innovative Hybrid Cruiser in the Australian market. The company is going to arrange an effective promotion on 1st February 2016. Melbournes Federation Square is the selected place where a large number of dignitaries and VIPs have been invited the senior manager staffs; the board of directors, CEO of the company and the CSR director of Toyota would attend the program and deliver their valuable speeches regarding the next agenda of Toyota (Eisen et al. 2012). Marketing, Promotion and Vranding In order to promote the management, an effective press release would be prepared for published in the official website of Toyota. This press release would help the concerned members for getting an in-depth overview regarding the agenda of Toyota in the coming days. Finance: Toyota has decided to invest $5000000 for the event management plan. The guests who are expected to attend the event would be treated with extra-vagrant way for promoting the business in effectively. Location: Melbournes Federation Square would be chosen as the proper destination of arranging the program. Private cars would be available in different corners of Australia for receiving the honorable guests. Human Resource: In order to executive the entire program, successfully some of the concerned persons should have a direct involvement. The event manager, the agency executives, human resource managers and presenter would have an equal contribution for making the event successful. Sponsors: Coca-Cola, Australia National Sports Club, Sports super center have already expanded their widespread wings in order to sponsor in the promotional activities of Hybrid Cruiser of Toyota. They would be invited as well for attending the event of Toyota launch party. Programs: The valuable speeches would be delivered on behalf of the eminent personalities of Toyota. They would provide a deep insight about the innovative features of this new car that can create a distinct identity of this Hybrid Cruiser (Getz 2012). Toyotas next agendas would also be discussed in this event. Event Logistics: Sufficient food and water supply, availability of cars to bring the guests in the proper destination, available space to enjoy the program etc would be available for providing a comfortable atmosphere to the guests. Legal Risk: In order to conduct the entire event management plan successfully some of the risk factors can occur at the middle of the event. In order to overcome those risks, the initiatives that would have to be taken are as follows: Conducting the program in dry weather Making the list of invitees from the beginning and providing them sufficient reception Taking the permission of government before conducting the program Cleaning the Maintenance Plan: The entire place would be kept neat and clean maintaining hygiene factors on organizers. All the invitees would be treated with equal respect and dignity. Any kind of biasness would not be entertained at middle of the event. Apart from all the concerns, a well-described script would be prepared for drawing the attention of the invitees (Masterman 2014). The volunteers and the staffs would provide effective services for fulfilling the needs and demands of the guests. Droping Figure 1: WBS Document for Event management plan (Source: Masterman 2014) During the Event: On the day of event, the presenter would take the responsibility of providing a brief regarding the purpose of arranging this particular event. The entire journey of Toyota and their ways of business expansion all over the world would be highlighted in this event. The current features of Hybrid Cruisers and its specialties would be pointed out in this event. The USP of the new car would be presented in such a way that journalists show their interest for publishing the news in their channels and newspapers. Post Event: After the event a special regards would be delivered to the concerned sponsors who have left immense contribution making the event successful. A formal thank you letter would be provided to the volunteers, performers, staffs and all other participants of the events at the end of entire program. An effective should also be collected from the chief guests in order to know their reaction about the overall arrangement of the program. After collecting the feedback from various corners, the event management agency should evaluate the feedback, be it positive or negative. Negative feedback should be accepted happily so that the organizers can improve those aspects next time. In addition, at the end of the event the agency has to take the responsibility to drop the chief the guests to the proper destination. The feedback of the journalists would also be acquired at the end of the program. Reference List: Eisen, T., Sternberg, C.N., Robert, C., Mulders, P., Pyle, L., Zbinden, S., Izzedine, H. and Escudier, B., 2012. Targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma: review of adverse event management strategies.Journal of the National Cancer Institute,104(2), pp.93-113. Getz, D., 2012. Event studies: Discourses and future directions.Event Management,16(2), pp.171-187. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge.

Is Torture justified free essay sample

What is torture? Basically, this is the action of physically or psychologically hurting a person without their permission and against their will. The torture has many goals such as obtaining a confession or information of the victim, revenge for an act committed by the victim or just for entertainment morbid and sadistic of the torturer. According to the 1984 United Nations Convention against Torture, the torture is: â€Å"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him, or a third person, information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Torture justified? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in, or incidental to, lawful sanctions. † Torture is not acceptable because it is degrading and ethically wrong, but under certain circumstances torture can be justified. Torture is justifiable if lives of innocent people are in risk or if an entire nation is in danger. First of all torture is justifiable when the lives of innocent people are in danger of being injured by violent motives. For example, in the scenario that a terrorist put a ticking time bomb in a public place like the case of a shopping center, a park, a hospital, a stadium, etc. This person is the only one who can give a clue as how, when and where the attack will happen, so it is definitely better sacrifices the human rights of a single person who is doing evil, for it can save the lives of hundreds of innocent people. Another example, in the scenario of a murderer or rapist who uses torture for sadistic and morbid motives, and he has prisoners and assuming that the police caught him, and this person does not want willingly confess the crimes committed and the location of these people. Then, the morals and ethics of society should be left aside and act promptly to extract the information needed to save these people from suffering provided by the torturer. According to Mirko Bagaric claims that torture is morally justified in order to save the lives of innocent people. He is confident that torture gives reliable information that can prevent terrorist attacks. According to the author, torture is a way to avoid killing innocent people. He claims that torture should never be used for punishment and domination, but it has different considerations when used for humane reasons such as saving lives. In one part of his article says, â€Å"Killing Innocent People Worse than Torture; Paradoxically, people who propose an absolute ban on torture arent sufficiently repulsed by torture and are too willing to accept the murder of innocent people: either they lack compassion or have a warped moral compass. Torture is bad. Killing innocent people is worse. Some people are so depraved that they combine these evils and torture innocent people to death. † Mirko Babaric is certain that torture is not cruel if it is motivated by a compassionate desire to avoid a tragedy, and it gets a greater good. He made a refutation to the people who are against torture. He said, â€Å"There could be nothing more inhumane than doing nothing as innocent people are being tortured to death. † Torture used to save the life of another person is acceptable. In another article clearly shows a real example of how the torture served to save the life of a human being. â€Å"In June 1979 Jean Leon and an accomplice kidnapped Miami cab driver Louis Gachelin, held him at gunpoint, and demanded a seven-thousand-dollar ransom from his family. Police officers quickly captured Leon, but Gachelin was not with him. Concerned that Gachelin might be murdered once Leons absence was noticed by his accomplice, seven police officers made a radical decision: To find out where Gachelin was being held, they beat the information out of Leon. The kidnapper caved in, and Gachelin was rescued. His life had arguably been saved by the use of torture. † The author also shows how torture has been used since human civilization from The Code of Hammurabi , 1750 BC to the present day with the intention to punish or to get information, even in some parts of the world are still cases of torture as way of punishment or conviction, but this is not the case of the Americans because they do not supporter torture as a punishment, and it is established on the Eighth Amendment which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. nevertheless, the torture can be used in cases like Gachelin, where this serves as an interrogation technique to save the life of a person. Since The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, U. S. has been focused on how to prevent similar situations happen in the future. For this reason, some Americans have suggested the use of torture to obtain the desired information. The author notes that U. S. government has experimented with new techniques of interrogation without violating international human rights; those are as known stress and duress techniques, which consist of exposing prisoners to isolation, darkness, blindfolding, discomfort (such as being forced to stand in one position for four hours), forced nudity, and unpleasant food. These tactics are designed to demoralize prisoners so that they will provide information, and they have been met with much controversy over the legality and morality of their application. Those in favor of using the intensified techniques argue that the information extracted from stressed prisoners might save hundreds of lives. † The ticking time bomb is a very common scenario for those who support the use of torture. Supporters of the time bomb hypothesis believe that enhanced interrogation techniques are justified to obtain information from suspects to avoid massive loss of life. Although Americans have probably never faced a real time bomb scenario, many of them are familiar with the concept and are aware of the various means of torture that could be used to obtain the necessary information, and all this because a TV series called 24. This show is directed, produced and acted by Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer, whose job is to prevent terrorist attacks against the United States. According to Human Rights, before September 11, 2001, there were four or fewer cases of torture on television each year. In 2009, more than 100 cases were reported acts of torture that appear on TV. According to David Danzig Human Rights, he said, It used to be almost exclusively the villains who tortured. Nowadays, torture is often perpetrated by the heroes, even though torture is illegal under the law U. S. and internationally. † Is Torture justified? The show 24 shows a simplified representation of the difficulty and complexity of the policy issues and definitions of torture facing the government of the United States. The opposite side says that Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments are like slavery and genocide, and they are always unacceptable. This principle has been established for many years and is enshrined in international law. â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom from torture and inhuman or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. † It is Accordance with Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They get three main arguments against the authorization of torture. First, it is the argument of art slippery slope this means that allowing torture in a limited context there may encourage more of these cases. Nonetheless, this argument does not work for the concept of torture because it is already used even though it is universally prohibited, according to reports Amnesty International reported cases of torture and ill-treatment in 132 countries in 2003, including the United States, Japan and France. The second argument is that torture makes it lose its human sense to the society. Nevertheless, a society that chooses to defend the rights of those who do evil on innocent people instead of defending innocent people, in that case the society needs to make an urgent moral and ethical change to see things more humanely. Finally, people cannot be absolutely certain that torturing someone gives us the result of saving the life of another person. However, it is a decision of self defense. In conclusion, the only way the torture is justified. There is when existed a threat to the lives of innocent people or finding a greater good for humanity. For example, a terrorist attack when is in danger the lives of hundreds of innocent people or in the case of murderers, rapists and kidnappers who has prisoners. keep in mind that torture can only be used as an information extraction technique because it is not acceptable as a punishment based on religious, political and social belief. Definitely, Torture is acceptable when used for the greater good of humanity to preserve the lives of innocent people.

The Great Gatsby4 essays

The Great Gatsby4 essays The novel The Great Gatsby is set during the 1920's on Long Island, New York. In the novel, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby has a dream that a majority people would want to live. The dream is made up of things that may vary from one person to another, but it is still a basic dream for most people. Finding someone that you truly love and that truly loves you back is one part of the dream. Being happy is another. The final part is having wealth and being in the upper class of society. This dream that is pursued by so many can endanger the future of someone because they never know what they would have Gatsby's main goal throughout the novel is to attain true love with a former love, Daisy Buchanan. He knows that Daisy is married to a rich man, Tom Buchanan, so he uses poor judgement and assumes that becoming rich will win her back. To be close to her and try to increase his chances of being with her, Gatsby moves across the bay to West Egg Island. Nick Carraway, the narrator and Gatsby's main friend throughout the novel, is an acquaintance of the Buchanans and helps set up a meeting between Daisy and Jay. Gatsby finally meets Daisy and begins to spend more time with her, hoping that she will leave her husband for him. At the end of the story, however, Gatsby begins to realize that his love with Daisy would not happen at all. When Gatsby sees Daisy's daughter he realizes the truth. Her marriage is real and he cannot have her. Fitzgerald expresses this by writing, afterward he kept looking at the child with surprise. I [Nick Carraway] don't think he had ever really believed in her existence before. He also realizes that Daisy likes the status quo and likes the security of being known as Mrs. Buchanan, so she will Wealth is the only idea in the dream that is obtained by Gatsby, but it doesn't bring him what he expected and desired. Gat ...

Application of Criminological Theory

This paper will focus on the application of criminological theory in the following scenario: As the vice principal in charge of discipline at a prestigious school, I need to determine what actions to take in dealing with a deviant eighth grade male student. This student comes from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background and has now been caught in a physical altercation with another student. My direct supervisor, the principal, believes it is in the student’s best interest to remain at our school.As I am in charge of discipline, I will suggest several possible courses of action, incorporating criminological theories, to be used either singly or in tandem. The first course of action would be to speak to both of the students involved in the altercation and in turn, their parents. Although it is not an excuse, it is possible that there was some instigation preceding the altercation. Speaking with both students may paint a picture as to the nature of what transpired and how it could have been avoided. In any case, both students will be reprimanded as we have a zero tolerance policy for such acts here at the school. To properly understand the deviant student, let’s call him David, it will be necessary to find out more about his background, social and family ties, peer influences, general demeanor, and any goals or hopes he has. I cannot simply classify David as a juvenile delinquent or a future criminal. To label him may do more harm than good. Labeling Theory The labeling theory asserts that once an individual has deviated from the social norms of society, they are labeled as a delinquent or a criminal, and begin to behave as such (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011).In other words, if David is continuously labeled by the school, his peers, and society in general as a juvenile delinquent then he will begin to believe it himself. His self-esteem and self-worth will go down and he will begin viewing himself as a juvenile delinquent. Once David has accepted his label, he will begin to engage in more and more deviant acts. So it is important here that I am sensitive to his situation and avoid putting a label on him for one discretionary act. Social Disorganization Theory We know that David comes from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background.It is likely that he lives in an environment where social ties are poor and delinquent peer groups are abundant. Such communities have a higher crime rate and a higher rate of delinquency, as explained by their weak social bonds. Socially organized and tight-knit communities are more likely to supervise and control teenage peer groups where socially disorganized communities are not (McCord, 1992). External factors such as lack of supervision and a weak social bond may be contributing to David’s delinquency. Unfortunately, the school can do little in the way of helping him and his family out of their community. However, creating a social bond of sorts here at the school may help David move from a perhaps delinquent peer group to one more conscientious of social norms and societal laws. I would suggest trying to get David involved in a sport or another social club at the school. Again, finding out what he is interested in is an important part of helping him. We want David to feel socially accepted and increase his self-esteem. Learning Theories Learning theories suggest that antisocial, deviant, and criminal behavior is not instilled in an individual, but learned through interactions with their environment and peers. Because of their individual circumstances, some people learn and practice behaviors that the larger society condemns. Not surprisingly, children growing up in neighborhoods rife with crime often end up committing crime themselves† (Barkan, 2009). It is essential that David associate with peers that follow and respect societies rules. The theory of differential association attributes an individual’s attitudes and views of crime and deviance to that of their immediate social groups.In other words, if David’s peer group is deviant, he will be deviant as well. Another explanation for that follows the theory of differential identification; David may feel the need to â€Å"fit in† and be accepted as a member of a group. By acting like the group he has chosen to fit in to; dressing like they do, speaking the way they speak, and engaging in the same deviant activities they engage in, he gains their approval and is accepted as part of the group. In the same manner, David is learning deviant behavior because he is exposed to it on a regular basis.He may see violence and deviance as a social norm (and therefore acceptable) because in his immediate environment it is a normal occurrence. Finally, through differential reinforcement, this learned behavior is reinforced through reward or praise from his peer group. Perhaps he see’s frequent violence in which the person committing the violence is never reprimanded. If David believes he can commit these acts with little fear of reprimand or with the encouragement of his peer group, he is more likely to do so and not even feel like he has done anything wrong.School is a place with many rules and many types of interactions with different people. Clearly what is acceptable in David’s home environment and peer group is not acceptable here. It is important that he understand what is right and wrong in this setting and furthermore, in society. I will likely suggest that David speak with the school’s psychologist to determine how much learned deviant behavior he has experienced. This will also give him an opportunity to bond with someone who respects social norms and laws. Control TheoriesUnlike other criminological theories, control theories set out to learn not why individuals commit crime, but why they do not commit crime (Akers Sellers, 2004). David’s meeting with the school psychologist will also shed some light on where he measures using some of the control theories. The containment theory introduces the possibility that there are internal and external influences that guide an individual away from committing crime. Internally, that individual’s positive self-image and tolerance for frustration help sway them from becoming deviant.On the other side, external influences like positive role models and a close family bond will do the same (Barkan, 2009). Travis Hirshi’s social bonding theory had several explanations for the behavior of juveniles. These explanations included supported research that found that â€Å"youth’s who were strongly attached to their parents were less likely to commit criminal acts† and â€Å"youths who maintained weak and distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency† (Evans, n. d. ) One final addition to control theories, although there are several more, is the coercive control and social support theory.This theory, in short, states that an individual is coerced into crime either through fear or through other means, such as poverty. Whether that individual has strong social support from family, their community, and social institutions such as school, has a large impact on the likelihood that the individual with commit crime. While each of these control theories introduce several ideas about why individual’s may or may not commit crime, one similarity is present throughout. The presence of a strong social bond with friends, family, and community encourages a crime free existence. To encourage David to head down the right path, so to speak, we need to fortify his social bonds. Life-Course Theories Life-course theories focus on what factors occur during different stages of one’s life that may promote delinquency or crime. These factors include: socioeconomic status, poor and inconsistent parenting, weak social bonds, poor school performance, and delinquent peers. (Barkan, 2009). The recurring theme across the life-course theories is that it is weak social bonds, poor parenting, and the influence of delinquent peers that determine an individual’s susceptibility to deviant behavior.Strain, or stress, result from an individual’s perceived inadequacies making them even more susceptible. Such strain can be caused by any number of the causal factors of delinquency listed above. A young and impressionable individual such as David may experience strain because of his socioeconomic status, his difficulty at the school, or many other reasons. The more strain one experiences, the more likely they are to display deviant behavior. Conclusion I fully support the principal’s decision to keep David at the school as it truly is in his best interest.My final disciplinary decision regarding the physical altercation between David and the other student will include several days of in-school suspension where both boys will be able to serve out their punishment while still completing school assignments, separated from the rest of the students of course. I am compelled to reach out to David and give him every opportunity to reform. I will be speaking with the teacher who made the initial complaint regarding David to explain to them that he is in need of a positive role model and positive reinforcement.A visit with the school’s psychologist will also be made. Not only will this give David an outlet to perhaps discuss his problems, it will also expose him to another positive influence and someone who can help him cope with any anger issues he may have. Introducing David to positive and close social bonds is already decreasing the chance that he will engage in more deviant behavior. Suggestions will be made that he engage in a sport or other social clubs at the school. This will encourage David to interact with a less deviant peer group.There will also be a meeting between David and myself. I will explain to David that his current behaviors are unacceptable here at school and any further infractions will be dealt with swift and more severe punishments. Once that has been discussed, I would like to find out more about what goals David has. In doing so, I can help motivate him to obtain these goals. My intention is to make it clear to him that I am there to help with any issues he has and that he can feel comfortable coming to me, or any other school staff, if he needs to.In closing, the main goal here is to help David by introducing positive role models, making him feel socially accepted to increase his self-esteem, strengthen his social bonds, and encourage him to interact with people in a more positive way. If nowhere else, a school should foster these values to reduce a child’s likelihood of delinquency. ? References Akers, R. , Sellers, C. (2004). Student Study Guide for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application (4th ed. ). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Company.

Four Aspects of a Community College President Research Paper

Four Aspects of a Community College President - Research Paper Example Such responsibilities become even more important when considering the fact that the personality traits to complete the jobs are far and few between (Dearlove, 1997). Community college Presidents require the ability to communicate enthusiastically and energetically the role of the college to internal/external constituencies to achieve a sense of common purpose. Moreover, they must possess the ability to provide for the common purpose of the students, teachers, and community at large. Additionally, Presidents require the ability to provide for the fostering of excellence in all college offerings through enthusiasm, vision and innovation. The President must also demonstrate the capacity to assume a leadership role in involving the college in the economic growth of the community. This means that the President must have a commitment to keep the college technologically up to date while expressing a level of sensitivity to the unique needs of faculty, staff and students. In this paper I wil l focus on 4 primary tasks for the President: 1. The CEO Contracts and Performance Evaluations 2. Institutional Advancements 3. Politics and Media (Damage Control) 4. Institutional Governance The President of a community college must function as a CEO and provide regular evaluations of the faculty and other individuals that help make up the organization. In fact, the Community College's mission statement cannot be realized without a competent, motivated, and efficient workforce. The performance evaluation is a necessary component to any performance management and professional development program for employees. Performance evaluations are intended to support skill building of each employee and to encourage an efficient and effective operation (Brubacher, 1982). They are extremely important not only for identifying weak links within an organizational structure, but also for identifying the strong points that are responsible for much success. Meaning that performance evaluations will n ot only show individuals how to improve where their staff is lacking, but also it can indicate where an organization is succeeding. In fact, performance evaluations are created for 3 primary reasons. The first is that it measures the extent to which the employee's performance meets the requirements of the position. It is the opportunity to appraise past performance by recognizing and supporting good performance and identifying areas that might require improvement. The second purpose of performance evaluations are to establish goals for the future. This is important because it allows institutions to identify a method through which they can advance their human resources and consequentially the organization as a collective institution. The third and final objective of the performance evaluations is to strengthen the relationship between the supervisor and the employee. This is done so by opening channels of communication and creating opportunities to assess the employee, the position a nd plan for the future of the departmental human resources (Brubacher, 1982). These goals are best accomplished through interactive review of the position description, identifying opportunities for performance growth and focusing on enhancement of all areas of performance. While there are many professors at a single community college, most Presidents do not personally interview each professor, instead they select department heads who are in control of each of their departments. Beyond the presidents specific roles,

How will technology and social media influence or change recruitment Essay

How will technology and social media influence or change recruitment and talent management in the future - Essay Example Social media has become a viable way of quick interaction between the recruiters and the candidates. The quality of staff members and their services in the hotel industry has a direct impact on the bottom line. Employees serve as the frontline brand ambassadors and their performance drives the true competitive advantage of the organization. To succeed, the employers need to recruit enthusiastic, accountable, and competent employees that should be kept motivated and engaged. To achieve this, many innovative firms are seeing the potential of improving the recruiting strategies with social media (Headworth, n.d.). The rapid advancement of technology and growth of the use of social media will bring drastic changes in the practices of recruitment and talent management in the hotel industry in the future. Historically, rates of employee turnover within the hotel industry have been remarkably high; turnover rates have been touching 50 per cent. â€Å"The American Hotel and Lodging Association has estimated that the turnover cost per employee is a minimum of $4100 per employee, and the American Management Association pegs this number at 30% of an employee’s annual salary† (Cobb, 2013). The high rate of employee turnover in the hotel industry can be partly attributed to lack of opportunities of training and development and inappropriate talent management that has led the employees to attrition and dissatisfaction. To combat the retention issues, hospitality organizations are in need of professional, motivated, committed, and developed graduates that would help them attain their immediate and long-term goals (Scott and Revis, 2008). The trends are expected to change for the better in the future. The continued growth of social media and technology has made room for the worki ng of more team activities and knowledge work remotely. Retention in the hotel

machiavelli :: essays research papers fc

Niccolo Machiavelli Statesman and Political Philosopher 1469 - 1527 No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution. —Machiavelli from The Art of War I was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy. I was a political philosopher and diplomat during the Renaissance, and I’m most famous for my political treatise, The Prince (1513), that has become a cornerstone of modern political philosophy. My life was very interesting. I lived a nondescript childhood in Florence, and mine main political experience in my youth was watching Savanarola from afar. Soon after Savanarola was executed, I entered the Florentine government as a secretary. My position quickly rose, however, and was soon engaging in diplomatic missions. I met many of the important politicians of the day, such as the Pope and the King of France, but none had more impact on me than a prince of the Papal States, Cesare Borgia. Borgia was a cunning, cruel man, very much like the one portrayed in The Prince. I did not truly like Borgia's policies, but I thought that with a ruler like Borgia the Florentines could unite Italy, which was my goal throughout life. Unfortunately for myself, I was dismissed from office when the Medici came to rule Florence and the Republic was overthrown. The lack of a job forced me to switch to writing about politics instead of being active. My diplomatic missions were my last official gove rnment positions. When I lost my office, desperately I wanted to return to politics. I tried to gain the favor of the Medici by writing a book of what I thought were the Medici's goals and dedicating it to them. And so The Prince was written for that purpose. Unfortunately, the Medici didn't agree with what the book said, so I was out of a job. But when the public saw the book, they were outraged. The people wondered how cruel a man could be to think evil thoughts like the ones in The Prince, and this would come back to haunt me when I was alive and dead. However, if the people wanted to know what my self really stood for, they should have read my "Discourses on Livy", which explains my full political philosophy. But not enough people had and have, and so the legacy of The Prince continues to define my person to the general public.

Infant Toddler Curriculum Essay

Developmental domains are one way to describe and think about the different aspects of development in the areas of: motional; physical, social, cognitive; and language skills of young children. And while we use the domains as a way to organize our thinking and observations of children, in reality all domains are function together simultaneously, especially in the first three years of life. This holistic development is separated into the developmental domains for the purpose of observation, study, developmental assessment, and planning (Blackboard, 2013). Therefore, it is important to understand how the developmental domains relate to the three themes of infant development; in order to provide DAP care and activities for children in each stage of arly childhood development. For instance, an understanding of the young infant stage, babies develop a sense of security from their caregivers. It is this sense of security, that allows the baby to build an urge to explore, later motivating t hem to take risks and advance their current knowledge of their environment. This may require removing all sharp objects from the area and covering electrical outlets and ensuring. However, prepping the room for child safety is not the only concern. It is imperative to play close attention, and respond to the needs of young infants. Nery oung children need adults who listen, smile, and talk with them or babble when they babble; watch for when they need quiet and solitude; and notice and communicate pleasure over such newfound skills as creeping, climbing, holding, dropping, or adding new sounds and words (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 61). † An understanding of the mobile stage of development will make one aware of the safety precautions needed to allow mobile toddlers to explore the environment. Mobile infants often explore by mouthing and must be protected from small parts and fragile toys. In addition a rich learning environment for mobile nfants should include safe structures to climb and explore. â€Å"Moving around is essential to learning; it gives babies different perspective and vantage points, which they need in order to move from an entirely egocentric view of space toward a more sophisticated sense ot relationship between selt, space, and other people (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 53). An understanding of the toddler stage of development enables caring adults to guide and assist young children’s emotional development. The first two years of a person’s life can set the foundation for the way hey create relationships, view others, and understand emotions and how to control them. â€Å"A toddler’s sense of self, of I and me, emerge in a group environment and a culture which private property and the acquisition of things are s omewhat scared. This makes the learning of related concepts like mine particularly challenging (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 9). † â€Å"Toddlers learn about who they are in the world through relationships and experiences with adults who care for them. They learn to trust that their needs will be met, or that they will not. The motional domain includes the infant’s perception of herself and of herself in relation to others. â€Å"(Blackboard, 2013). The most important thing a caregiver can do to help a toddler’s emotional development is to create a safe and loving environment for the toddler to learn in. Caregivers should understand that each toddler is different and has different needs. Attending to each individual child in a well-organized and inviting learning environment is essential during his stage early childhood development. Infant Toddler Curriculum â€Å"Because of the specific needs of infants and toddlers the term curriculum is during he early stages of development is complex. To summarize all of the ideas of curriculum, as defined by leaders in the field (Gonzalez-Mena, Eyer, Dodge, Greenman, Stonehouse, Schwikert, Swim, and Watson), you must think about curriculum as an organized framework. To make curriculum DAP for infant and toddlers, it must be based on sound and relevant knowledge such as infant/ toddler development and research; so that it guides early care professional practices in providing purposeful and responsive learning opportunities for each child through daily routines and experiences (Blackboard, 2013) † â€Å"Infant and toddler curriculum plans focus on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-initiated and child-pursued learning. The interests of the child and the belief that each child has a curriculum are what drive practice (Blackboard, 2013)†. It is understood that very young children need to play a significant role in selecting their learning experiences, materials, and content. Curriculum plans, therefore, do not focus on games, tasks, or activities, but on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-initiated and child- ursued learning and the building and sustaining of positive relationships among adults and children. Responsive curriculum planning focuses on finding strategies to help infant-toddler teachers search for, support, and keep alive children’s internal motivation to learn, and their spontaneous explorations of people and things of interest and importance to them (Blackboard, 2013). † This should begin with study of the specific children in care. â€Å"Detailed records of each child’s interests and skills are kept to give g uidance to the adults for the roles they will take in each child’s learning Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). † It should also be realized from the start that plans should not be static. Adaptation and change are critical parts of the learning process and should be anticipated. â€Å"Once an interaction with a child or small cluster of children begins, the teacher has to be ready to adapt his or ner plans and actions so they work tor all children, no matter what kind ot physical , mental or emotional challenges individual bring to the program (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). † Another essential component of planning s attention to a responsive learning environment and specific attention to how environments should be changed. The planning of learning environments is more important to infant-toddler development than specific lessons or specific activities. â€Å"The environment must be seen as part of the curriculum, creating interest and encouraging and supporting exploration (Blackboard, 2013). † Research has shown that much of how infants and toddlers learn best comes not from specific adult- directed lessons but from teachers knowing how to maximize opportunities for each child to use natural learning inclinations. The philosophy of routine care as learning opportunities for infants and toddlers is based on the premise that, â€Å"Relationships develop through all kinds of interactions, but especially during ones that happen while adults are carrying out those essential activities of daily living sometimes called caregiving routines (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 5)†, such as: feeding, diapering; toilet training/learning; washing; bathing and grooming; dressing; napping. † For caregiving routines to become curriculum, they can’t be done mechanically.

The buddhas enlightenment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1507 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Buddhism is the second largest religion in Asia after Hinduism. Being also a philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, Buddhism is based on numerous teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, who lived between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. Buddhists recognize his enlightenment (bodhi) achieved by entering a deep state of meditation and during which Buddha has achieved a total and direct realization of the truth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The buddhas enlightenment" essay for you Create order Exactly Buddhas Enlightenment is the source of the majority of Buddhist teachings and practices and the proof that any human being (not a god) can directly perceive the true nature of reality through ones own efforts. It is the source of endless inspirations for every Buddhist and a sacred dream and aim of all Buddhas followers. The early texts provide somewhat different accounts of Buddhas biography. The major evidence suggests that Gautama was born on the periphery, taught by famous religious teachers of the day, and not finding the answer on how to permanently end suffering attempted an extreme asceticism, underwent prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain. Not finding any solution again, he chose the so-called Middle Way approach between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification meditation. At the age of 35, he has finally completed his spiritual quest under a sacred fig tree (later to be known as the Bodhi tree, or tree of Enlightenment): During his intensive forty-nine-day meditation, Gautama has achieved the complete and unshakeable state of full enlightenment and so had become the Buddha (One who is fully awake). Some important factors around Buddhas achievement of enlightenment state were finding a suitable place for meditation (the Bodhi Tree), conquering all distractio ns (the same as Jesus Christ, Buddha was being tempted by demons and evil forces), and, factually, attaining enlightenment. After this, Buddha gathered followers, instituted a monastic order, and spent the rest of his life travelling and teaching the path of awakening he discovered. Before discussing the teaching of Buddhism, it is important to fully understand what a state enlightenment is. Difficult to determine or properly describe, enlightenment refers to the state of having a direct insight into the nature of reality and into truth. Achieved through Buddhist meditation, enlightenment is a dynamic state of an innate wisdom with its basic nature allowing the mind staying quieted and focused and concentration strengthened. This means, it is far not about an intellectual knowledge, visions, or supernatural experiences, but about wisdom of another kind. Enlightenment releases from negative feelings and experiences like ignorance, worries, sorrow and unhappiness, and allows one enjoying pure being and seeing things as they actually are. It is the hearts release or nirvana and can be achieved both in ones life and after death. All Buddhas followers practice to and strive for achieving the state of enlightenment. At that, the faith is considered the primary conditi on to enter the sea of Buddhas teachings. Buddhas enlightenment had happened in three stages allowing him to realize the ultimate truth of reality unfolded like a lotus. The first one is calm thinking and a state of removal from everyday consciousness and reality. The second stage is detachment from the chatter of mind and entering the state of exalted rapture. Finally, the third stage is reaching ever purer joy and the final level of consciousness. This last stage makes the mind absolutely peaceful and clear enabling its direct perception into reality. The enlightenment had happened also on three different levels: of a Buddha, of a bodhisattva (a wisdom-being), and of an ordinary person. Shunryu Suzuki in his Zen Mind, Beginners Mind defines enlightenment as nothing special. You may say universal nature or Buddha nature or enlightenment. You may call it by many names, but for the person who has it, it is nothing, and it is something. And this characteristic of an ordinary mystery is maybe the most valuable about Buddhas en lightenment. Today, the entire Buddhist tradition exists in order to try and share Buddhas insight with others. The following principles, or primary/basic teachings, which are fixed in Tipitaka (the preliminary body of Buddhist teachings, analogous to the Old Testament in Christianity) and are shared by all schools of Buddhism, were revealed to Buddha during his enlightenment: the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path and the Precepts. These teachings explicate the Buddhist doctrines of suffering, the five aggregates of being, refusing the self, ethics, karma, rebirth, enlightenment and Nirvana. The most basic Buddhist teachings, the Four Noble Truths give start to the spiritual path of this religion and encompass all Buddhas knowledge. They present the knowledge and understanding of the self, of karma and rebirth, and of enlightenment and Nirvana. These four are: (1) there is suffering in life; (2) the causes of suffering can be known; (3) suffering can be brought to an end by removing its cause; (4) the Eightfold path is the way to end suffering. The Eightfold Path, logically, includes eight points to cure the suffering of life. These are: (1) right understanding, (2) right intention, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness, and (8) right concentration. Right understanding refers to the Four Truths about suffering, the fact about changing nature of everything, and the fact about illusive nature of the self. Right intention is about giving up everything wrong and undertaking only good things/deeds as well as abandoning and cultivating the corresponding thoughts along with the deeds. Right speech refers to telling only the truth, avoiding negative statements, impolite and abusive language, babbles and gossiping, etc. as well as practicing kindly, meaningful, harmonious and necessary speech exclusively. Right action includes morally right, peaceful and honorable conduct and avoidance of causing suffering. Right livelihood means living in a right way, without doing any har m to humans, animals and whatsoever, including making of weapons, etc. Right effort refers to fostering good and preventing evil as well as constant self-improvement. Right mindfulness is about wakefulness. It refers to intentional awareness development and fostering right attention. Right concentration is mainly about practicing Buddhist meditation. These eight truth points aim at cultivating wisdom, ethical behavior, and mental discipline. They also are the key way of resolving all possible questions about life, death and oneself and the live guidelines for every Buddhist. The Precepts can be paralleled to Ten Commandments of Christianity. There are five of them: (1) do not kill but practice love; (2) do not steal but practice giving; (3) do not indulge in sexual misconduct but practice contentment; (4) do not tell lies but practice truthfulness and open-mindedness; and (5) practice awareness and mental clarity. In addition, Buddhas enlightenment is about understanding the fact that religious (and any) beliefs should not be taken as such. Buddhist doctrine asserts that one should not believe in something because he/she has heard of it, because there are long-lasting traditions, because it is spoken or written somewhere (e.g. in Bible) or popular, because it is taught so, etc. On contrary, one should believe because he/she has found the reasons to believe and has decided to choose and fully accept this particular way of living. Mysterious and wonderful, philosophic and deep, Buddhas enlightenment can and should be compared to the perfect way of meditation popular at the East. No other religion suggest similar way of perceiving the truth and the reality as well as says it is available for every ordinary person who has faith and who is willing to strive for this perfect state of consciousness. Buddhas revelation and teachings which he has received during his enlightenment makes him special, but he is a more close person (not really God factually) to his followers than any other god in any other worlds religion. In contrast to all other religions, Buddhism enlightenment experience is to figure out, to realize, to understand, to attain wisdom, and not to get the ready doctrines from the Bible, Koran, etc. Buddhism calls to strive for at least partial enlightenment to meditate in order to have at least some enlightenment experience. This is the core of this religion; this makes it democratic and very close to e ach of its followers. Because it is not after enlightenment that the true meaning is attained it is during the enlightenment An ordinary example of a raining weather can help explain Buddhas teachings in simple words. Today it is raining this is Buddhas teaching because he is everywhere. Religion is absolute and independent of somebodys perspective or interpretation; religion is everywhere. Buddhism says there should not be any particular teaching. Instead, people should see teaching in every moment of life, in their very existence this is Buddhas major teaching; this is what he was enlightened about. His enlightenment is not only the source of Buddhist teachings it illustrates the absence of a personal God present in Christianity, Judaism and Islam and the philosophic nature of faith which asserts that God is present everywhere in the world and in the human soul and at the same time transcends the world and the nature.